Insertion of a mini-implant for orthodontic treatment

The orthodontic mini-implant is a component used in cases where orthodontic treatment requires the use of dental braces.

More precisely, the orthodontic mini-implant is a screw approximately 1.5 – 2mm in size, typically made of titanium or similar alloys. This mini-implant is inserted into the gum, between the roots of the teeth or even in the palate, and its role is to support the arm of a dental brace in the correct position where it needs to be located.

When does an orthodontic mini-implant become necessary?

It is worth noting that not everyone wearing dental braces requires an orthodontic mini-implant.

During orthodontic treatment, very gentle but constant forces are applied to the teeth that need to be moved, relying on the support of the remaining teeth, known as “anchorage units.” The anchorage teeth must be very stable and remain immobile throughout the entire treatment duration. However, since the forces are reciprocal, side effects may occur, such as mobility, even in the anchorage teeth, a phenomenon known as “anchorage loss.” This situation can be avoided with the use of orthodontic mini-implants by transferring the pressure onto the mini-implant.

Furthermore, an orthodontic mini-implant is necessary when teeth are missing, and the forces mentioned earlier cannot be exerted, rendering orthodontic treatment ineffective. The mini-implant provides the supporting anchor and the point on which pressure is applied, ensuring the success of the treatment.

Under no circumstances are mini-implants to be used for children under 10 years old, and those who have surpassed this age will undergo examination to determine if their tooth roots have reached maturity.

What is the difference between an orthodontic mini-implant and a dental mini-implant?

The difference between orthodontic mini-implants and dental mini-implants is as follows: a dental mini-implant is used when one or more teeth are missing, while an orthodontic mini-implant strictly serves the purpose of correcting and aligning the position of teeth.

Another distinction between the two is that a dental mini-implant remains fixed in the gum to support the dental crown when one or more teeth are missing, whereas the orthodontic mini-implant is removed once the orthodontic treatment is completed.

The placement of the orthodontic mini-implant is not painful, as it is done under local anesthesia. There are no risks associated with the placement of the orthodontic mini-implant, and it does not affect the teeth or gums in any way. What the patient will feel is only a slight discomfort that will subside after the first 2-3 days following the intervention and can be alleviated with the use of mild anti-inflammatory medication.

Advantages of orthodontic mini-implants

The orthodontic mini-implant comes with a series of advantages.

  • The cost is minimal compared to alternative treatments.
  • The treatment period is shorter compared to other orthodontic methods.
  • The success rate is approximately 75%, indicating a favorable outcome for many patients.
  • The insertion and removal procedures are minimally invasive, causing minimal discomfort to the patient. It can serve as an alternative to surgical treatments.
  • It addresses bite problems that might otherwise require surgical jaw intervention (orthognathic surgery).

After the placement of the orthodontic mini-implant, it is worn for a period ranging from 6 months to several years, depending on the patient. If the orthodontic mini-implant starts to move or becomes loose, a visit to the dentist is necessary for replacement.

The procedure for inserting and removing the orthodontic mini-implant

The orthodontic mini-implant is inserted extremely easily, typically in less than ten minutes. Immediately after insertion, the implant is connected to a fixed arm of the dental brace, facilitating the correct repositioning of the teeth. Depending on the direction in which the orthodontist wants the tooth to move, the orthodontic mini-implant acts as an anchoring system to make this movement possible.

Upon completion of the orthodontic treatment, which can last for 6 months or longer (depending on the case), the function of the mini-implant concludes. The reverse surgery is then performed, involving anesthesia and removal. The area will heal on its own without any further intervention or complications.

Post-insertion care for the orthodontic mini-implant

Maintenance of the mini-implant is simple – it is performed daily using a small, manual toothbrush (not electric), with soft bristles, soaked in mouthwash.

Risks of orthodontic mini-implants

Limited evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of mini-screws, but there are no major safety concerns associated with their use. The success rate is typically higher than 75%. Mini-implants are usually placed to pass between the roots of two teeth, and most remain stable during orthodontic treatment.

Possible risks include:

  • The mini-implant may contact the tooth root during placement. The root should heal without issues.
  • The mini-implant may become loose. Typically, it can be replaced in the same position during a subsequent visit to the dentist or in a different position.
  • About 5% of mini-implants may fracture during insertion. If this occurs, the end of the mini-implant can be left in the bone – it should not cause subsequent problems.
  • Approximately 15-20% of mini-implants may fail early and need replacement or removal.
  • The likelihood of infection is low if the patient keeps the area clean according to recommendations.